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Study of Chinese Learners’ Pedagogical Choices in KoreanCLKs’ awareness and ability to draw on relational affordances as well as the learner-internal aspects, were crucial. Researchers from TS and ZL for instance, cited their local professor relationship as a key factor in their decision to stay clear of criticizing a strict professor (see examples 2).This article examines all local research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on practical important topics such as:Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)The discourse completion test is a commonly used instrument in pragmatic research. It has many advantages but it also has a few drawbacks. The DCT for instance, does not take into account individual and cultural differences. Additionally, the DCT can be biased and could cause overgeneralizations. It is essential to analyze it carefully before it is used in research or assessment.Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a valuable tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to alter social variables that affect the manner of speaking in two or more steps can be a benefit. This feature can help researchers study the role of prosody in communication across cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics.In the field linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools used for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to investigate many issues, such as politeness, turn-taking, and the choices made in lexical use. It can also be used to determine the phonological complexity of learners’ speech.A recent study utilized the DCT to assess EFL students’ ability to resist. Participants were presented with a range of scenarios to choose from, and then asked to choose the appropriate response. The authors found that the DCT was more effective than other measures to stop people from refusing that included a questionnaire as well as video recordings. Researchers warned, however, that the DCT must be employed with caution. They also recommended using other data collection methods.DCTs are usually created with specific linguistic requirements in mind, such as content and form. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of test creators. They may not be precise and could misrepresent how ELF learners respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more research into different methods of assessing refusal competence.In a recent study DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared to the responses of an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally-indirect requests and utilized less hints than email data.Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)This study investigated Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It used various experimental tools such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. The participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate who participated in MQs, DCTs, and RIs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their evaluations and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and their decisions were influenced by four major factors: their personalities, multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relational benefits. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment.The MQ data were analyzed to determine the participants’ rational choices. The data were categorized according to Ishihara’s (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were compared to their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine whether they were a reflection of pragmatic resistance or not. Interviewees were also required to explain why they chose the pragmatic approach in certain situations.The results of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. It was discovered that the CLKs often resorted to euphemistic responses such as “sorry” and “thank you.” This was likely due to their lack of experience with the target language which resulted in an inadequate knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs’ preferences to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to move towards L1 varied depending on the DCT situations. For example, in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14 they preferred converging to L1 norms.The RIs further revealed that the CLKs were aware of their own pragmatism in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days after participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, then coded by two independent coders. The coders worked in an iterative manner, with the coders re-reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process are contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine how well they captured the underlying pragmatic behavior.Refusal Interviews (RIs)The central question in pragmatic research is: Why do certain learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? Recent research attempted to answer this question using various experimental tools including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants included 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or L2 levels. Then, they were invited to attend a RI where they were required to reflect on their responses to the DCT situations.The results showed that CLKs, on average, did not adhere to the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this even when they were able to create patterns that were similar to native speakers. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatism. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal factors like their identities, personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing lives. They also mentioned external factors such as relational benefits. They outlined, for instance how their interactions with their professors helped them to perform more comfortably in terms of the linguistic and cultural norms at their university.The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or penalties they could face if their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native interactants might think they are “foreigners” and believe they are not intelligent. This concern was similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).These findings suggest that native-speakers pragmatic norms aren’t the preferred norm for Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency testing. However, it is prudent for future researchers to reconsider their applicability in specific situations and in various cultural contexts. This will help them better comprehend how different environments could affect the practical behavior of L2 learners in the classroom and beyond. Furthermore it will assist educators to develop more effective methodologies for teaching and testing the korea-based pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor at Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.Case StudiesThe case study method is a strategy that utilizes in-depth, participant-centered investigations to study a specific subject. It is a method that utilizes numerous sources of data to support the findings, including interviews and observations, documents, and artifacts. This kind of investigation can be used to study complicated or unique topics that are difficult for other methods of measuring.In 프라그마틱 순위 is to clearly define both the subject and the goals of the study. This will allow you to determine what aspects of the subject must be investigated and which aspects can be left out. It is also beneficial to review existing literature related to the subject to gain a broad understanding of the subject and place the case in a broader theoretical context.This case study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study revealed that L2 Korean learners were particularly dependent on the influence of native models. They tended to select wrong answers that were literal interpretations of prompts, deviating from precise pragmatic inference. They also exhibited a strong tendency to add their own text or “garbage,” to their responses, further reducing their response quality.The participants in this study were all L2 Korean students who had reached level four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second year of university and were hoping to achieve level six on their next attempt. They were required to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness.The interviewees were given two situations, each involving an imaginary interaction with their co-workers and asked to choose one of the following strategies to use when making a request. The interviewees were asked to justify their decision. Most of the participants attributed their rational opposition to their personality. For instance, TS claimed that she was difficult to talk to, and therefore was reluctant to inquire about the well-being of her friend with the burden of a job despite her belief that native Koreans would do so.