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Maintaining Timber WindowsA well-maintained wooden window is an important element of a building that is historic. It reflects, in various degrees, the materials and techniques of the time in which it was constructed, the architectural style and craftsmanship.When repairs are feasible to windows that are already in use should be done in situ. Repairing the most deteriorated areas of decay can be accomplished by using specialized resin-based systems.DurabilityThe windows made of timber in many old buildings were made to last for hundreds of years. They require regular maintenance to ensure they look good. Maintenance tasks include repairs to sash cables as well as tightening the pulleys for sash and painting. There is also a growing demand to upgrade the timber windows to improve energy efficiency. This can involve replacing old glass units, fixing the window rebates that are in place, or installing new cills to allow the air to seal better.cambridge double glazing of paintwork is a major problem with traditional windows. This is especially important where sash windows are involved as the gaps between the sashes can be quite wide. In these situations, water can penetrate the paint film and cause rotting of the putty and underlying wood. The rotting process can be made worse by poor weather conditions. To stop this from happening, windows should be painted regularly with an exterior wood paint.In addition to repainting, areas that have corroded should be repaired with the help of a resin-based repair solution. This will ensure that the best possible amount of the original fabric remains. It is also necessary to limit the number of holes you drill into the frame to allow cable entry since these could let in water and cause decay.The structural movement of the wall can cause deformations in the frame and the sash. This could result in the sash not fitting properly and jamming or sticking into the opening, or breaking glass. Often this can be corrected by the fitting of new sash boxes constructed from slow-growing deal (pine) or oak. The cill must be made from a sturdy hardwood, such as oak, to prevent differential movement between new and old work.To alleviate this issue There are a variety of companies that produce Boston pattern wooden sash that can be fitted into most openings. They are available in a variety of sizes and finishes that meet the requirements of modern-day homeowners. These sash are coupled with quadruple draft strips and a better thermal insulation, can make a huge difference to the efficiency of your home’s energy usage.AestheticsA lot of old timber frames have a high aesthetic appeal, since they display, in a certain shape, the materials, technology, and architectural taste from the time period they were constructed. They could have significant historical significance as a set. This is particularly true of windows that were unglazed in the early days of timber-framed buildings, which were merely a series of openings within the frame, which were divided horizontally into mullions and wood or iron bars to deter intrusions.It is essential to preserve the appearance of traditional timber window joinery. It is essential that any decay resulting from the penetration of moisture should be immediately stopped once it is discovered. It is best to do this through thorough painting, especially where there is damage or deterioration. It is recommended to use paints designed to be used in a system (primer undercoat and finish), and to follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for preparation and number of coats at each stage.Wet rot is a frequent problem for old timber windows. The best way to stop it becoming a problem is to take out sections that are damaged or rotten immediately to prevent the spread of the fungus responsible for it. The replacement of wood that is rotting should be done with care and with a slow-growing deal (pine) and, if possible it is the same species as which is being removed to prevent differential movement between the new and old timbers.Glass became more affordable and abundant in the late medieval period and into the 17th century. This led to glazed openings on timber-framed houses became more complex with moulded mullions, tracery made of wood and deep cills projecting into the air. Increasingly, the glazing was laid within rebated frames and pinned in by ‘glazing sprigs’ rather than into lead cames. This method of glazing is not just less prone to leaks but it also allows much wider clearer, more transparent sheets of glass to be used in windows than would otherwise be possible without the need for lead lights.Energy efficiencyTraditional timber windows have a good energy performance due to their thickness and multi-layer construction, as well as careful attention to detailing. The large glass areas, the deep projecting cills and large glazing areas help to reduce air infiltration. The windows can be made to improve their energy efficiency through draughtproofing and secondary glazing. It is essential to keep in mind that these measures should be considered in relation to the overall appearance and integrity of the original windows.Therefore, keeping existing historic windows that are in need of repair instead of replacing them is logical, particularly when their thermal improvements can be achieved economically through simple repairs and improvements. Older windows are usually of historical value, as they reflect a variety of technological advancement and changes in the architectural style. Many people believe that the windows will need to be replaced in the near future. However, they are still in service for 150, 200 or even 250 years if you take care of maintenance.It is crucial to understand that decay issues associated with traditional timber windows are avoidable with prompt and thorough repairs. It is also important to identify damp problems and correct them swiftly so that you can avoid serious damage. Paint deterioration that occurs early is a concern because it allows moisture to get into the wood, leading to wet rot. The damage is usually not apparent until the paintwork is damaged or wavy but it can cause severe structural damage, and could lead to further decay.A good paint will stop moisture from entering the paint. To prevent mould and condensation, it is important to keep the paintwork as clean as you can. Modern synthetic paints can be problematic, as they are often designed to be water-resistant which can cause the growth of mildew in the window frame.The majority of windows from the past were constructed of sapwood-rich timber. These timbers can deteriorate very quickly when exposed to wet weather, however they can be protected by an extensive preservative treatment prior to when they are put to use. It is also crucial to ensure that the kind of timber used is well-suited to the climate and site conditions, as these factors can affect the longevity of the joinery. Local window manufacturers create a range of sash made of timber that can be adapted to fit specific historic openings. They can be produced in the standard Boston pattern or in custom sizes to fit the architectural style of historic structures.MaintenanceRegular inspection as well as careful redecoration and prompt repairs can extend the life of timber windows. The major cause of decay is moisture leaking through the deteriorated paint and putty. This can be prevented by using a high-quality wood preservative and thoroughly painting the wood.Repairs to sash windows that are old and window frames made of casement must be done with care and minimal disruption. It is possible to fix several traditional designs of timber windows without taking the frame off. This should be done as often as is feasible. Peeling or loose paint must be removed with care and sanded lightly to improve the ‘key’ of the surface and facilitate an easier adhesion of the new coating. It is essential to avoid removing old paint layers, as they could have historical significance.If a piece of timber has become rotten the best way to proceed is to remove the rotted material and replace it with spliced-in inserts that are shaped to match the existing profiles. The wood that is inserted should be treated with a wood preserver, and the junction between the timber cill and masonry sub-cill should be sealed.Replacement of traditional windows with PVC-u is a tempting option, especially when the installer provides a “one-stop shop” installation that handles both removal and replacement within the span of a day. It is essential that installers of replacement windows have a thorough understanding of the history and design of traditional timber frames. This will enable them to make appropriate suggestions for energy efficiency improvements and other technological improvements that don’t alter the appearance of an historic building. Window replacements should be registered with a Competent Persons Scheme like FENSA. This will ensure that the replacement windows are approved as a suitable option under Building Regulations. It is quite possible for a skilled and experienced carpenter to install PVC-U windows that are sympathetic to the style of the building originally. This is particularly applicable when windows are located within conservation areas or listed buildings.