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The Dangers of Exposure to AsbestosAsbestos was used in a variety of commercial products before it was banned. Studies have shown that exposure to asbestos can cause cancer and other health problems.It is impossible to determine if a product contains asbestos by looking at it and you can’t taste or smell it. Asbestos can only be identified when the material containing it is broken, drilled, or chipped.ChrysotileAt its peak, chrysotile accounted for 99% of the asbestos produced. It was widely used in industries including construction insulation, fireproofing, and insulation. If workers are exposed to asbestos, they can develop mesothelioma as well as other asbestos-related diseases. Fortunately, the use of this hazardous mineral has declined drastically since mesothelioma awareness started to spread in the 1960’s. However, it is still present in trace amounts. are still found in common products that we use in the present.Chrysotile can be safely used if a thorough safety and handling plan is put in place. People who handle chrysotile do not at risk of being exposed to a high degree of risk at current controlled exposure levels. Lung cancer, lung fibrosis and mesothelioma are all associated with breathing in airborne respirable fibres. This has been proven both in terms of intensity (dose) as well as the duration of exposure.In massachusetts asbestos lawyer were compared between a factory that used a large proportion of chrysotile in the manufacture of friction materials and the national death rate. The study found that after 40 years of manufacturing low levels of chrysotile there was no significant rise in mortality rates in this factory.Chrysotile fibres are usually shorter than other types of asbestos. They can penetrate the lungs, and even enter the bloodstream. This makes them more prone to cause negative effects than longer fibres.It is extremely difficult for chrysotile fibrous to be a threat to the air or pose any health risk when mixed with cement. Fibre cement products are used in various parts of the world including hospitals and schools.Research has proven that amphibole asbestos, such as crocidolite or amosite is less likely than chrysotile to cause diseases. Amphibole asbestos forms have been the primary cause of mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases. When the cement and chrysotile are combined together, a strong product is produced which is able to withstand the most extreme environmental hazards and weather conditions. It is also simple to clean after use. Professionals can safely get rid of asbestos fibres after they have been removed.AmositeAsbestos refers to a group of silicate minerals with fibrous structure that occur naturally in certain types of rock formations. It is divided into six groups including amphibole (serpentine) and the tremolite (tremolite) anthophyllite (crocidolite) and anthophyllite.Asbestos minerals consist of long, thin fibers that range in length from fine to wide. They can be curled or straight. They can be found in nature as bundles or individual fibrils. Asbestos minerals can also be found in the form of a powder (talc) or mixed with other minerals and sold as talcum powder and vermiculite and are used in consumer products like baby powder, face powder and cosmetics.Asbestos was widely used during the first two thirds of the 20th century for construction of ships, insulation, fireproofing, and various other construction materials. The majority of asbestos-related exposures in the workplace were in the air, but some workers also were exposed to asbestos-bearing rocks and contaminated vermiculite. Exposures varied according to industry, time and geographic location.The exposure to asbestos in the workplace is usually due to inhalation. However certain workers have been exposed via skin contact or through eating foods contaminated with asbestos. Asbestos is currently only found in the air due to natural weathering of mined ores and the degrading of contaminated materials like insulation, car brakes, clutches, as well as floor and ceiling tiles.There is evidence emerging that non-commercial amphibole fibers could also be carcinogenic. These are fibres don’t form the tightly knit fibrils of the serpentine and amphibole minerals, but instead are loose, flexible and needle-like. These fibers can be found in the cliffs and mountains from a variety of countries.Asbestos is able to enter the environment in many ways, including as airborne particles. It can also leach out into water or soil. This can be caused by natural (weathering and erosion of asbestos-bearing rocks) and the anthropogenic (disintegration and disposal of asbestos-containing wastes in landfill sites) sources. Asbestos contamination of surface and ground waters is primarily caused by natural weathering. However it is also caused anthropogenically, such as by the milling and mining of asbestos-containing materials, demolition and dispersal, and the removal of contaminated dumping material in landfills (ATSDR 2001). Asbestos fibres that are emitted from the air are the most significant cause of illness in people who are exposed to it during their occupation.CrocidoliteInhalation exposure is the most common method of exposure to asbestos fibres. These fibres can get into the lung, causing serious health problems. Mesothelioma, asbestosis and other illnesses are caused by asbestos fibres. Exposure to fibres can occur in other ways as well, such as contact with contaminated clothing or construction materials. This kind of exposure is especially dangerous when crocidolite (the blue form of asbestos) is involved. Crocidolite has smaller, more fragile fibers that are more easy to breathe and can be lodged deeper into lung tissue. It has been linked to more mesothelioma-related cases than other asbestos types.The six major types of asbestos are chrysotile, amosite, epoxiemite, tremolite anthophyllite and actinolite. The most popular asbestos types are epoxiemite as well as chrysotile which together comprise 95% all commercial asbestos employed. The other four types haven’t been as extensively used, but they may still be found in older buildings. They are less hazardous than amosite or chrysotile, but they can still be a danger when mixed with other minerals or when mined close to other mineral deposits like talc and vermiculite.Several studies have found an association between exposure to asbestos and stomach cancer. A number of studies have confirmed that asbestos exposure is linked to stomach. The evidence isn’t conclusive. Certain researchers have cited an SMR (standardized death ratio) of 1.5 (95% confidence interval: 0.7-3.6), for all asbestos workers, and others report an SMR of 1,24 (95% confidence interval: 0.76-2.5), for those who work in chrysotile mines and mills.IARC The IARC, also known as the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified all types of asbestos carcinogenic. All kinds of asbestos may cause mesothelioma as well as other health issues, although the risks vary according to the amount of exposure people are exposed to, the kind of asbestos used and the duration of their exposure, and the manner in which it is inhaled or consumed. IARC has declared that the best choice for people is to stay clear of all types of asbestos. If you’ve been exposed in the past to asbestos and suffer from a respiratory illness or mesothelioma, you should talk to your doctor or NHS111.AmphiboleAmphibole is a group of minerals that form long prism or needle-like crystals. They are a type of inosilicate mineral that is composed of two chains of SiO4 molecules. They usually possess a monoclinic crystal system, although some have an orthorhombic structure. The general formula of an amphibole is A0-1B2C5T8O22(OH,F)2. The double chains are composed of (Si,Al)O4 tetrahedrons that are linked in rings of six. The tetrahedrons are separated each other by strips of octahedral sites.Amphibole minerals are found in metamorphic and igneous rocks. They are usually dark and hard. Due to their similarity in hardness and color, they may be difficult for some people to distinguish from Pyroxenes. They also share a corresponding cut. Their chemistry can allow for a variety of compositions. The chemical compositions and crystal structures of the different mineral groups in amphibole can be used to determine their composition.Amphibole asbestos comprises chrysotile and the five asbestos types: amosite, anthophyllite (crocidolite), amosite (actinolite) and amosite. The most widely used asbestos type is chrysotile; each has its own distinct characteristics. The most hazardous type of asbestos, crocidolite is made up of sharp fibers that are simple to breathe into the lung. Anthophyllite can be found in a brownish or yellowish hue and is made primarily of magnesium and iron. It was previously used in cement-based products and insulation materials.Amphibole minerals can be difficult to analyze because they have a an intricate chemical structure and numerous substitutions. A thorough analysis of the composition of amphibole mineral requires specialized methods. EDS, WDS and XRD are the most widely used methods of identifying amphiboles. However, these methods only give approximate identifications. These methods, for instance can’t distinguish between magnesio hastingsite and magnesio hastingsite. These techniques also don’t differentiate between ferro-hornblende or pargasite.